Upside-Down and Mirror Looking Magic Squares

Plate Representations
Generator for Any Order
Generator
Order n Variation no.
Variation no.: for the same order and digits there are many different magic squares. Each number 1, 2, 3, … gives another one; the same number always gives the same squares, so you can come back to them.
Digit families
Generate makes every one of these families for the chosen order, and the Index lists them all. Each square stays magic when turned upside down, when seen in a mirror and when seen in water (order 3: magic in two of the four views; order 6: semi-magic).
Own digits any of 0, 1, 2, 5, 8 · 2 and 5 always together (2 ↔ 5 in the mirror)
Export downloads hold every digit family of the chosen order, each with its upside-down, mirror and water views
How the squares are built

Only the digits 0, 1, 2, 5 and 8 are used, drawn in seven-segment form. Turned upside down (180°) each of them is itself; in a mirror 0, 1 and 8 are themselves while 2 and 5 change into each other.

Upside-down: the square is turned by 180° — the last row comes first, each row is read backwards and each number is read backwards. Mirror looking: the columns come in reverse order, each number is read backwards and 2 ↔ 5. Water: the rows come in reverse order and 2 ↔ 5 (it is the mirror image of the upside-down square).

Every entry is a chain of digit groups, one group per layer; in every layer each row, each column and both diagonals contain the same symbols. Turning the square sends rows to rows, columns to columns and diagonals to diagonals, and reading a number backwards only rewrites each group with other digits — so the upside-down, mirror and water squares are magic again, and so are the digit families of one generation (digit substitutions of each other, as in the papers).

When each Latin square fits in one digit (order 4 with four or five digits, order 5 with 0, 1, 2, 5, 8) the generator also writes palindromic 3-digit entries a·b·a: the outer digits come from one Latin square and the middle digit from the other; reading a number backwards leaves it unchanged, so all four views stay magic. Orders 4, 5, 8 and 10 also get three-layer 3-digit entries a·b·c: three layers built algebraically (over GF(2) for 4 and 8, over the integers mod 5 for 5 and 10) in which every row, column and diagonal holds each digit equally often, all n² entries different. Only 125 three-digit numbers can be written with 0, 1, 2, 5, 8, so 3-digit cells stop at order 11; orders 6, 7, 9 and 11 cannot be balanced this way.

Layers used: cyclic Latin squares for orders prime to 6 (pandiagonal squares), finite fields for 4, 8, 9, 16, 27, 32, products such as 20 = 4 × 5, and s × s blocks found by computer search for the other orders. Order 6 gets semi-magic squares (equal rows and columns in all four views), since it cannot be built fully magic with this method. Order 3 comes from a complete computer search (2-, 3- and 4-digit cells): no square is magic in all four views, but every upside-down magic square (magic upright and turned 180°) has as its mirror image a mirror magic square (magic in the mirror and in water), and in all four views rows and columns stay equal. With (0,1), (0,8), (1,8), (0,1,8), (2,5), (0,2,5) and (1,2,5) order 3 gives only semi-magic squares.

Index
Turn the plate upside down (180°) to read it upside down, around its vertical axis for the mirror image, over its horizontal axis for the water image
Current Section
mirror

Faces, Water & Mirror Flips

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Play speed1.0×
Plate size230
Ripple strength5
Line thickness1.0
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Drag the plate to rotate it by hand.

The Three Pairs

Edit the original squares of this set (reflections are derived automatically)

References

Based on the author's following research works:
  1. Inder J. Taneja, Upside-Down, Mirror Looking and Water Reflection Magic Squares: Orders 3 to 6, Zenodo, January 07, 2025, pp. 1-93, https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14607070.
  2. Inder J. Taneja, Upside-Down, Mirror Looking and Water Reflection Magic Squares: Orders 7 to 10, Zenodo, January 07, 2025, pp. 1-171, https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14607071.
  3. Inder J. Taneja, Upside-Down, Mirror Looking and Water Reflection Magic Squares: Orders 11 to 13, Zenodo, January 15, 2025, pp. 1-146, https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14649320.
  4. Inder J. Taneja, Upside-Down, Mirror Looking and Water Reflection Magic Squares: Orders 14 to 16, Zenodo, January 15, 2024, pp. 1-140, https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14649519.
  5. Inder J. Taneja, Upside-Down, Mirror Looking and Water Reflection Magic Squares: Orders 17 to 20, Zenodo, January 17, 2025, pp. 1-86, https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14676293.
  6. Inder J. Taneja, Upside-Down, Mirror Looking and Water Reflection Magic Squares: Orders 21 to 23, Zenodo, January 20, 2025, pp. 1-83, https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14688709.
  7. Inder J. Taneja, Upside-Down, Mirror Looking and Water Reflection Magic Squares: Order 24, Zenodo, January 20, 2025, pp. 1-150, https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14700325.
  8. Inder J. Taneja, Upside-Down, Mirror Looking and Water Reflection Magic Squares: Order 25, Zenodo, January 21, 2025, pp. 1-79, https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14715162.
  9. Inder J. Taneja, Online generator: Water-Reflection Magic Squares Generator